Learn how to make a sourdough starter from scratch with step by step instructions and day by day pictures!
As you guys probably know by now, I’m a *tiny* bit obsessed with all things sourdough.
And for good reason: not only is sourdough healthier than regular baked goods, it tastes better.
I’ve made everything from bread to tortillas to waffles to Dutch babies to shortcakes with sourdough.
Turns out they’re like an enhanced version of the original recipes.
If you’d like to experience some really beautiful flavors, I highly encourage you to get into baking with sourdough!
But first of all, you need to learn how to make a sourdough starter from scratch!
I’ve got you covered with step by step instructions, day by day pictures, tips for maintaining your sourdough starter, a pdf recipe, and troubleshooting ideas.
This is pretty much a foolproof method if you follow my directions to a T! I’ve made a starter 3 different times using this method, so I should know! 🙂
Okay, let’s dive in!
How to Make Sourdough Starter From Scratch
It really is easy to get your starter going, I promise!
You simply mix together equal weights of flour and water, feed it regularly, and wait.
But it does take some perseverance.
And you need to follow the following guidelines carefully.
Read through the instructions a few times and get familiar with these principals.
If you want to just skip the reasoning for why you need to use the specific ingredients and equipment and dive right into making your sourdoughs starter, you can download my free PDF recipe linked at the end of the post.
Table of Contents:
Equipment:
Before you begin, gather these items:
- A clean jar with a lid: I really like to use Weck jars
because they have glass lids that you can just set on top: they’re perfect for keeping bugs out, but still letting your starter breathe.
- A rubber band or sharpie: You want a way to mark the height of your starter so you can visually see how much it has risen since feeding it.
- A kitchen scale or measuring spoons: I highly recommend using a kitchen scale to measure your ingredients because it cuts down on dishes. However, I’ll give you volume measurements in case you don’t own a kitchen scale.
- A spatula or spoon: My favorite utensil for stirring sourdough is a spatula with a plastic handle. Sourdough is harder to clean off of wood. If you’re going to use a spoon, I recommend a stainless steel or plastic one instead of wood.
Ingredients:
You only need 3 ingredients to get your starter going:
- Whole wheat flour
- Unbleached white flour (all-purpose flour)
- Chlorine free water
Whole Wheat Flour:
The best flour for getting a sourdough starter going is whole grain flour. The reason you want to feed your starter whole grain flour is because this helps to jumpstart the fermentation. The yeast and bacteria actually really like whole grain flour, so it’s easier to get your starter going than if you use white flour.
If you have access to rye flour
But whole wheat flour
Unbleached White Flour:
Once you’ve fed your sourdough starter with 100% whole wheat flour for a few days, you want to switch to a 50/50 blend of whole wheat flour and unbleached white all-purpose flour.
If you continue to feed your starter all whole wheat flour, you’ll need to feed it at least 2 times a day. This is because the whole grain flour makes your starter very active, so it eats up all the nutrients quickly.
By using half white flour, you slow down the fermentation process, and thus you don’t have to feed it quite as often.
You could also use bread flour if that’s all you have on hand, but I would save your expensive bread flour for when you bake bread.
Make sure you use unbleached white flour. Yeast and bacteria don’t like bleach, so if it’s in your flour, it can slow down the whole process. Or your starter might never take off at all.
And if you can find it, it’s best to organic white flour as well. Conventional wheat is sprayed with pesticides, which might not play nicely with your starter either.
Chlorine Free Water:
Chlorine is another thing that can adversely affect your sourdough starter.
Think about it: chlorine is added to drinking water to kill harmful microorganisms. But it will also kill the beneficial yeast and bacteria that you’re trying to cultivate. That’s why you want to avoid chlorinated water.
You can use tap water as long as it isn’t treated with chlorine.
But if your water is treated (as most city water is), you’ll want to purchase distilled or filtered water.
Water Temperature:
Make sure your water temperature is below 110 degrees Fahrenheit (43 degrees Celsius). Otherwise the heat might harm the yeast that you’re working so hard to keep happy. 75-80 degrees Fahrenheit (24-26 degrees Celsius) is perfect.
However, I usually don’t measure the water temperature: I just make sure it’s slightly warm, not hot.
Water to Flour Ratio:
There isn’t one definitive right ratio of water to flour. But I keep a 100% hydration starter, so I feed mine equal weights, not volumes of water and flour, or a 1:1 ratio. In other words, I feed it 30 grams each of flour and water, not 1/4 cup each of flour and water.
House Temperature:
In an ideal world, your house would be between 75-80° F (24-26°C). But you can still get a starter going if your house is a little chillier than that. Just make sure to put it in a warm spot in your kitchen, such as the top of your fridge or next to your stove.
Why Discard?
As you’ll see in the instructions, you need to discard a portion of your starter before feeding it. Starter needs to be fed at a 1:1:1 ration of starter, flour, and water. If you don’t discard before feeding, your starter will grow at an exponential rate!
For example, if you have 30 grams of starter, you need to feed it with 30 grams each of flour and water, which will result in 90 grams of starter. If you don’t discard all but 30 grams of starter before feeding, you’ll have to feed it 90 grams each of flour and water, leaving you with a 270 gram starter. By the fourth feeding, you’ll have to feed it 2,430 grams of flour and water! That’s about 20 cups of flour!
But that discard doesn’t have to go to waste! Just keep whatever you discard in a jar, and when you’ve accumulated about a cup of starter, you can make pancakes!
Also, I recommend making a mini sourdough starter, because then there will be less to discard. There’s no reason to make a huge sourdough starter that you have to feed large amounts of your precious flour. Another advantage to a small starter is it will take up less space in your kitchen.
Stages:
When your starter is just a baby, it’s gonna go through some growing pains.
It will have an initial burst of activity, but then it will slow down or go completely quiet for a few days.
Have patience: just keep feeding it, and it should be ready to use by day 7-14!
When is My Starter Ready to Use?
You know your starter is ready to be baked with when it meets these criteria:
- It consistently doubles every 6-12 hours after being fed.
- Smells pleasantly yeasty and a bit sour.
- It passes the float test.
Day by Day Progression:
I thought it would be helpful for you to be able to see the full progression with day by day photos.
That way you will know what to expect while you’re getting your starter going!
Keep in mind that I live in a cold climate, and I created this sourdough starter in the winter.
If you live a warmer climate, the time it takes to get it going will be shortened.
I’ve also made a sourdough starter in the summer, and that only took 7 days, whereas this one took me 11.
Day 1:
11:00 AM: – I mixed together 30 grams of whole wheat flour and 30 grams of chlorine free water in a clean jar.
If you want to use measuring spoons instead of a scale, just use 3 tablespoons of flour and 2 tablespoons + 1 teaspoon of water.
Then I placed a rubber band at the height of the starter and placed a lid loosely on top of the starter.
Finally I set it aside in a warm spot out of direct sunlight.
Day 2:
10:11 AM: (24 hours later) – The starter was grey on top with perhaps a little hooch. There was no visible rise, and little to no bubbles.
I discarded all but 30 grams and fed it 30 grams each of whole wheat flour and chlorine free water.
If you want to use measuring spoons instead of a scale, you can save a scant 2 tablespoons of starter instead of 30 grams.
Day 3:
8:45 AM: (23 hours later) – The starter had doubled, was bubbly, and smelled slightly sweet, like spouted wheat.
I fed it the same as day 2.
By 6:00 that evening it had doubled, but I didn’t feed it because I had a headache.
Day 4:
9:15 AM: (24 hours later) – It smelled sour, almost like yogurt, and kind of like newborn baby poo. Not a super pleasant smell, but not horribly bad either.
I fed it the same as the previous day.
9:53 PM: (12 hours later) – It had doubled, and didn’t smell quite as strong.
I fed it the same as in the morning.
Day 5:
8:11 PM: (22 hours later) – It had only risen a little bit above the rubber band. Smelled acidic and had a bit of liquid on top.
Fed the same as before.
Day 6:
10:11 PM: (38 hours later) – Had risen a bit above the rubber band. Smelled acidic and had some liquid on top, but not a lot.
Switched to feeding it a 50/50 blend of whole wheat flour and all purpose flour.
Saved all but 30 grams, and fed it with 30 grams of the 50/50 flour blend and 30 grams of water.
Day 7:
10:40 AM: (12 hours later) – Had only risen a bit above the rubber band. Smelled a bit acidic/like baby poo. There was a tiny bit of liquid on top.
Fed the same as the previous day.
10:15 PM: (12 hours later) – Had only risen a bit above the rubber band, but it was starting to smell more pleasant.
Fed the same as in the morning.
Day 8:
10:00 PM: (24 hours later) – Hadn’t risen much.
Switched to feeding all all-purpose flour.
Fed with 30 grams each of white flour and chlorine free water.
Day 9:
Just left the starter to ferment since it wasn’t very active.
Day 10:
9:45 AM: Had risen by about 1/3-1/2 above the rubber band. It was starting to smell more like sourdough (pleasantly yeasty). It was pretty thin, which meant that it was quite fermented and hungry.
Fed the same as day 8.
10:00 PM: (12 hours later) – Had basically doubled. Smelled more like a mature sourdough starter.
Fed the same as in the morning.
Day 11:
9:00 AM: (11 hours later) – Had doubled. Smelled pleasantly yeasty.
Fed as the previous day.
I decided to do a float test, and my starter passed! At this point my starter was ready to be baked with.
So I put some of the starter in a larger jar and fed it with enough flour and water to make 1 cup of starter (240 grams) so I could bake with it.
But I continued to keep the rest of the starter at room temperature and fed it at least once a day to build strength.
I also decided to make some pancakes with all of the discard that I have saved up in the fridge.
They were delicious!
10:45 PM: (14 hours later) – Had doubled.
Discarded all but 20 grams and fed with 20 grams each of all-purpose flour and chlorine free water.
Day 12:
9:06 AM: (10 hours later) – Had almost doubled. Smelled pleasantly yeasty and a bit sour.
Fed the same as the previous evening.
I baked the first loaf of bread with this new starter, and it turned out beautifully!
I fed my starter for a few more days to build its strength before putting it to rest in the fridge.
Day 13:
9:55 AM: Had doubled and collapsed. Smelled pleasant.
Fed same as previous day.
Day 15:
Since my starter was over a week old, it was strong enough to go into the fridge.
I fed it one more time and placed it in the fridge for long term storage.
Day 22:
After the starter spent 1 week in the refrigerator, I decided to pull it out, feed it, and bake with it to make sure it survived its cold storage.
The rise looked promising, but the true test was the bake:
The loaf of bread baked up beautifully, so I knew my starter was mature enough to handle staying in the fridge.
Sourdough Starter Maintenance:
Once you have your starter is well established, you can move into maintaining mode.
You don’t have to keep your starter at the same activity level at all times if you aren’t planning to bake with it daily.
Feeding Schedule:
Once your starter is well established, you can get into a routine.
There are two main feeding schedules that sourdough bakers follow:
1-2 Times a Day: If you’re planning on doing a LOT of sourdough baking, you can keep your starter at room temperature and feed it 1-2 times a day.
If you live in a cold climate, you can get away with feeding once a day. Otherwise, if your starter is doubling every 4-8 hours, it’s going to need to be fed more than once a day to maintain good strength.
Once a Week: If you’d only like to bake a couple times a week, you can store your starter in the fridge. Make sure to feed it just before putting it into cold storage.
To use your starter from the fridge, you can refresh/revive it by feeding it at a 1:1:1 (starter > flour > water) or higher ratio.
Other Care:
Every once in a while, you’ll want to clean out your starter jar. It can get pretty crusty after a while.
I recommend simply moving it to a new, clean jar.
You could also just put it in a temporary container, thoroughly was and dry the old jar, and put it back in.
But I find that you have to soak the jar in warm soapy water for a long time to loosen the crusted-on starter. So it’s simpler to just use a new jar.
No Waste Sourdough Starter:
As a general rule, I try to keep a no waste sourdough starter. That means that I feed it just enough for my recipe, plus a bit extra. Then I feed my starter after I pour off what I need, and pop it into the fridge until my next baking day.
This only works if you either
How to Use Sourdough Starter:
Frequently Asked Questions:
Here are some FAQs in case you run into any of these issues:
How Should Sourdough Starter Smell?
A sourdough starter is supposed to smell pleasantly yeasty and a bit sour.
If it smells like alcohol, nail polish/acetone, or vinegar, it means that it’s hungry. You need to feed it ASAP.
What’s That Liquid on Top of My Starter?!
As a starter matures, the yeast produces alcohol, which can pool at the top. This is referred to as “hooch” in the sourdough community. You starter is perfectly safe to use still, but it means that it’s hungry and needs to be fed.
Why is My Starter Runny?
If your starter gets runny, it means that it has fermented for a long time without being fed. The yeast and bacteria have eaten up a lot of the nutrients and are hungry. Make sure to feed them as soon as you can to keep them happy!
How to Make my Sourdough Starter More Sour:
This could be a post all by itself.
But in a nutshell, I find that a starter tends to be more sour when it’s more ripe (AKA it’s been fermenting longer).
So if you normally let your starter ferment for 8 hours, try letting it ferment for 10 hours before using it.
Or store it in a warmer part of your kitchen.
How to Make Sourdough Starter Less Sour:
The reverse it true for making your starter less sour.
I find that the less mature/ripe your starter is, the less sour it will be.
So make sure to use it just after it has doubled. This could be anywhere from 3-12 hours, depending on how warm your kitchen is.
If you’re having trouble with your starter doubling too quickly, try putting it in a cool place in your kitchen.
What is 1 Cup of Sourdough Starter in Grams or Ounces?
1 cup of sourdough starter weighs approximately 240 grams or 8.5 ounces. I much prefer weighing vs measuring my sourdough starter because then I don’t have to dirty up a measuring cup.
Active Dry Yeast to Sourdough Conversion:
As a general rule, 1 cup of sourdough starter = 1 packet of active dry yeast. A packet/sachet/envelope of active dry yeast is usually 2 1/4 teaspoons. However, you’ll need to remove 120 grams of flour and 120 grams of water from your recipe since you’re adding that amount in with your starter.
My Sourdough Starter Grew Mold!
If your starter grew mold, something is off. Maybe your jar got contaminated, or maybe you didn’t feed your starter often enough.
If there’s just a little mold on the top of your starter, you can scrape it off. Take a tiny bit of non-moldy starter and put it in a new, really clean jar. Feed several times before using.
But if there’s mold going all throughout your starter, it’s time to start from the beginning and make a new starter from scratch.
What is ripe sourdough starter?
Ripe sourdough simply refers to a starter that’s been fed, has doubled, passes the float test, and is ready to be used!
How to Use Your Starter:
Here are some of my favorite ways to use my sourdough starter:
- Sourdough Brioche
- Overnight Sourdough Waffles
- Sourdough Dutch Baby/German Pancake
- Sourdough Banana Bread
- Artisan Sourdough Bread
- Sourdough Dinner Rolls
- Sourdough Cinnamon Rolls
- The BEST Sourdough Pancakes
- Sourdough Sandwich Bread
- Soft Sourdough French Bread
Here’s a Video Tutorial in Case You Learn Better That Way!
Here’s a link to download my FREE Printable Sourdough Starter Recipe PDF
Sourdough Starter Recipe
Use this recipe to get your own sourdough starter going and starting baking delicious sourdough treats!
Ingredients
- 1 3/4 cups organic whole wheat flour
- 1 1/4 cups organic unbleached all purpose flour
- 1 3/4 cup unchlorinated water
Instructions
Day 1:
-
Mix together 30 grams of whole wheat flour and 30 grams of warm (no warmer than 110 degrees F) chlorine free water in a very clean small jar. Cover loosely with a lid and mark the height of the starter with a rubber band or sharpie. Set aside in a warm spot out of direct sunlight.
Day 2:
-
Discard all but 30 grams of the starter from the previous day. Add 30 grams each of whole wheat flour and water. Cover and mark the height of the starter. Set aside in a warm spot out of direct sunlight.
Days 3-6:
-
Feed and care for the starter in the same way as day 2.
Day 7:
-
Make a mixture of 30 grams whole wheat flour and all purpose flour.
-
Discard all but 30 grams of the starter. Add 30 grams of the 50/50 flour blend and 30 grams of water and mix well. Cover with a lid and mark the height of the starter. Set aside in a warm spot out of direct sunlight.
-
If your starter begins doubling after 8-12 hours, start feeding it twice a day. If there is little activity, you're safe to feed it once a day.
Days 8-14
-
Begin feeding your starter with 30 grams of unbleached all-purpose flour and water.
When is Your Starter Ready to Use?
-
If your starter is consistently doubling within 8-12 hours, smells pleasant, and passes the float test, you can start baking with it.
-
To perform the float test, drop a small amount of starter in a glass of room temperature water. If it floats, it passes the test!
Maintaining Your Starter:
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Continue to feed your starter at least once a day until day 14. At this point you can feed your starter one last time and keep it in the fridge. Feed it at least once a week to maintain its strength.
-
Or you can continue to keep your starter at room temperature if you feed it at least once a day. It won't die if you miss a day here and there, but if you let it go too long it will lose strength.
Recipe Notes
If you live in a very warm environment, you can switch to a 50/50 whole wheat/all-purpose flour blend on day 4.
You may find that your starter is ready to be baked with after just 7 days. If it's doubling consistently within 8-12 hours of feeding it and smells pleasantly yeasty, perform the float test to see if it's ready to be baked with.
If you live in a very cool environment, it may take up to 2 weeks for your starter to be ready to baked with. Just be patient and continue to feed it regularly and it will eventually take off!
You can use 3 tablespoons flour and 2 tablespoons + 1 teaspoon of water if you don't own a kitchen scale. Discard all but a scant 2 tablespoons when feeding.
I just wanted to say this may be the nudge I need to finally start sourdough…. thanks for the encouragement!
Hooray! Welcome to the wonderful world of sourdough. ?❤✨
Hi Erica, I made your sourdough starter last Saturday. I have been feeding it every day and it was right in line with your example starter. Then…I think it got to warm sitting on top of the fridge, and it went through a slump of not expanding or getting bubbles. During the slump it was very watery. I moved it to different location in the Kitchen, and it was less watery but not expanding. This morning I gave it twice as much food as normal and it took off. Like tripled in size lots of bubbles and it passed the float test. Also it smells nice like I think it should. Do you think it is ready to bake? I am totally thrilled to bake with sourdough. Thx for a awesome and comprehensive recipe.
Hey Kristen,
That’s awesome! Way to go to troubleshoot and try something different to get your starter back on track. I think that if it’s doubling every 8-12 hours after feeding, smells pleasant, and passes the float test, you’re good try your first bake!
Hi Erica, how do you feed sour dough and how much of it do you use of it when baking a loaf or 2 of bread, sorry, I’ve never used or made it before, my sister-inlaw invited me*
Hey, Rosemary! I keep my starter at 100% hydration, which means that I feed it equal weights (not volumes) of water and flour. Some people recommend that you use a 1 to 1 to 1 ration (equal weights of starter, flour, and water). But I tend to bend the rules and over-feed my starter if I need a larger amount for a recipe. So I might feed 50 grams of starter 120 grams each of flour and water to get enough for a cup of starter plus extra to save for next time. It’s not the *proper* way to do it, but it works for me!
I usually feed my starter and pop it in the fridge until I’m ready to use it again. If you keep your starter in the fridge, you need to feed it about once a week. If you keep it at room temperature, you need to feed it once a day.
I use one cup (240 grams) of starter for a loaf of bread. I would increase that to two cups (480 grams) of starter if I was making 2 loaves.
Let me know if you have any more questions – I love chatting sourdough!
Good morning, Erica! I have an eleven year old daughter who loves to bake and I found your sour dough bread on the Pioneer Woman’s website. We have began making our starter, which is going well, but she keeps asking “why do we discard half of the starter? It seems like such a waste” . . . Could you answer that for me to cure a child’s curiosity?
Thank you-
Ann
Hey, Ann! The reason you discard the starter is because if you didn’t, you would soon run out of space to keep it and flour to feed it! You need to feed your starter at a 1:1:1 ratio of starter, flour, and water. So if you feed 50 grams of starter, you’ll end up with 150 grams (50 grams of starter, 50 grams of flour, and 50 grams of water). If you don’t discard all but 50 grams at the next feeding, you’ll have 450 grams of starter (150 grams starter + 150 grams flour + 150 grams water). At the next feeding you’ll have 1,350 grams of starter, And at the next feeding you’ll end up with 4,050 grams of starter. It will just keep growing!
Hope that helps!
Erica
Once my starter is “ready”, what is the time frame to use it?
After you have fed your starter and it rises, is bubbly, and passes the float test (usually this takes 6-12 hours, depending on how warm your kitchen is), it’s best to use it as soon as possible. If you wait too long, it will get more mature and the final bread with be more sour. Of course if you like a really sour bread, that can be a positive thing!
Hi Erica, I have plenty of glass jars in every size and am curious about the possibility of buying just the glass lid you mentioned. Does the lid fit on a regular small mouth jar and do you have a link where just the lid could be purchased? I actually couldn’t find the jar and lid combo either, using the link you provided in your post. I am so new to sourdough and it looks overwhelming. Thanks for posting so much about sourdough– very helpful!
Hey, Charissa! The Glas 60 Weck lid fits on a small mouth jar, though not perfectly (it won’t seal or anything). Here is the link to just the lids: https://amzn.to/3sKF96r
And here’s a link to the jars that I used to make this starter: https://amzn.to/395ppTD You can buy them individually on Crate and Barrel HERE: https://shopstyle.it/l/bqXTG
You can get by with just a jar and a plastic lid or a clean cloth napkin placed on top with a rubber band around it to keep in place. I find that the glass lids are more convenient, but not 100% necessary! A regular canning lid will technically work, but I’ve had them rust from fermentation before, so I don’t really recommend them.
Hope that helps! Let me know if you have any more questions: I love talking sourdough!
This really worked for me, thank you!!
Am making my second batch of bread today. The bread remains moist for up to a week.
So happy it worked for you! Isn’t sourdough fun?!
Starter is great and floating I have 90 grams of starter. Question is how do I get 200 grams for my bread making without using all my starter? Starter was easy but, is there a guide as to how to separate what you need for a recipe and still keep a starter.
Great question! I keep a “no waste” sourdough starter, so I only make as much as my recipe calls for, plus a bit extra. So if you want to increase your starter to 200 grams plus a little extra, I would feed your 90 grams with 100 grams each of flour and water. Then you’ll have 200 grams to use in your recipe, plus 90 grams left over for next time. Then, just pour off 200 grams into your recipe, and 90 grams will be left in the jar!
I should also note that I usually only leave about 20-40 grams left over from the recipe. That way I can feed the starter before putting it back in the fridge. You need to feed your starter at least at a 1:1:1 ration. So if you have 90 grams, you have to feed it a minimum of 90 grams each of flour and water. That’s fine if you’re going to bake with it right away. But if you store your starter in the fridge like I do, it works better to only have a bit left over from the recipe and feed that before putting it into the fridge. I hope I’m making sense!
Thank you so much for the reply! I was making it way to difficult! Makes perfect sense. Thank you!
So happy it helped you out!